Herdsmen drive to pastures new

Then, on the second day, family teamwork took center stage. Balatijan's wife, normally employed at the local laundry plant, took leave. Together with their two young sons, they drove to the summer pasture site. There, they joined Balatijan's brother's family to erect their yurts — establishing their seasonal home base with relative speed and ease, thanks to motorized transportation.

On the last day, Balatijan saddled his horse to guide more than 200 sheep from the lower pastures near the village, traversing mountain trails for about nine hours. This solitary leg of the journey, facing shifting weather from driving rain to brilliant sunshine, remains the most physically demanding testament to the herder's enduring skills and resilience.

"This work is tiring, yes, but it's our routine," Balatijan says. "We're used to it, and I have good expectations for the livestock's condition this season."

The family's experience is a microcosm of Xinjiang's evolving pastoralism. Improved roads and facilities in mountain pastures make the seasonal transition smoother and life on the summer range more comfortable, which leads to more trucks and cars for transporting people and heavy goods, reducing reliance on animal power and arduous treks. Meanwhile, needs for children's education and healthcare for the elderly are met near their settlements. This stability enables younger generations to pursue diverse employment, reducing the necessity for entire families to migrate.

It is no longer common for the whole families, including the very young and old, to move en masse with all their worldly goods across vast distances. Instead, a more efficient, economically diversified model is emerging, where essential herding tasks are often shouldered by herders like Balatijan, supported by technology and anchored by settled communities providing modern services.