"But now, as women are becoming more economically independent, they account for a larger share of the luxury market and there is big potential," he said.

"Until recently 90 percent of all luxury spending in China was dictated by men ... The modern female luxury shopper includes the business woman, the celebrity and the newly independent rich wife," the survey found.

It found respondents from Shanghai, long known for its conspicuous consumption, had now become "the most cynical in their attitudes to luxury and the least likely to own luxury brands as a status symbol."

Almost 70 percent of respondents from medium-sized cities saw people who own luxury brands as successful, compared to under 55 percent in Shanghai.

The luxury market in China - now the world's third-largest consumer of luxury goods after Japan and the United States - is expected to grow 20 percent annually until 2008, and then 10 percent a year until 2015 when sales will exceed US$11.5 billion, the survey estimated.

At that time, China would consume just under a third of the world's total luxury goods.

Calvin Klein, which sells high-end perfume and clothes, is one of many foreign luxury firms looking to expand its presence in China's second-tier cities, company president Tom Murry said on the sidelines of the event.

"While the affluence is growing quickly, it's still a relatively small population that can consume a luxury product, so we'll see that continue to grow over time," said Murry.

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