Desertification threatens world's highest railway

XINING - China's Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the world's highest rail system, is being threatened by desertification on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a result of global warming, experts concluded after conducting a probe.

About 443 kilometers of the 1,956-km railway are in areas affected by desertification, including 103 km that lie in seriously desertified areas, Wang Jinchang, a senior engineer with the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company, told Xinhua Monday.

Wang cited research showing that the threat of soil erosion has grown very fast in recent years, mostly near rivers and wetlands from Golmud and Lhasa, and the amount of affected rail tracks almost doubled from 2003 to 2009.

Touted the "Road to Heaven," half of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was built on areas at an elevation of about 4,000 meters, crossing mountains, ravines, the Gobi Desert and frozen earth, among other hostile environments.

An Fengjie, an official with China's State Forestry Administration who specializes in soil erosion control, said the plateau region suffered from desertification long before the railway was built.

"The railway did not cause the problem, but it gives us an opportunity to witness the severity and scale of soil erosion on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau," An said.

Sands buried rail racks and disrupted train services over 1,362 times from 1984 to 2002 on the Xining-Golmud section of the railway, which has been in operation since 1984. The main part, the Golmud-Lhasa section, went into operation in 2006.

Since becoming fully operational, the railway has transported 52.76 million passengers, according to the railway company's estimate in July. Work has begun to expand the railway from Lhasa to Xigaze, an historical Tibetan city and home to the Panchen Lamas.

Engineers set up barrier walls or simply lay big rocks along the tracks in affected areas to prevent sands from encroaching on the rail tracks.

"These emergency control measures have been effective, but we still need to address the root problems of desertification," An said.

One of the most prevalent theories blames global warming for the ecological deterioration in the plateau region.

Sun Zhizhong, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said temperatures on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau rose over two degrees Celsius on average over the past three years, leaving large chunks of frozen earth to defrost.

The moisture is soon lost, however, as water quickly evaporates under the plateau's blazing sun. The soil begins to dry up and eventually becomes desert, Sun explained.

He said over-grazing is another concern.

"Lab results tell us that desertification is a trend that is hard to reverse in the near future. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may one day become a major source for sandstorms," said Qu Jianjun, another researcher with the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Qu said glaciers are also melting quickly on the plateau. More than 200 small glaciers in the region disappeared in the past five decades. Melting glaciers and snow swells lakes in the heart of the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve, home to 70,000 Tibetan antelopes in remote western Qinghai.

Xiao Penghu, deputy chief of the nature reserve administration, described melting glaciers as "a hanging dagger."

He said after most glaciers melt away, the lakes and rivers in the Hoh Xil region will start to dry out, resulting in "disastrous" consequences for the local ecology.

"The fate of the Tibetan antelopes is in our hands, because our actions set the pace of global warming," said Tseten, another official with the nature reserve, calling for people around the world to unite to fight climate change.

"Once global warming wipes out (Tibetan antelopes), we'll eventually be wiped out as well," he said.