By Han Jun, Cui Chuanyi, He Yupeng, Qin Zhongchun & Wang Bin

Research Report No 105, 2010

I. Facilitate the Shift of Rural Laborers with Importance Focused on Improving the Employment Service System

1. Continually guide farmer-workers to get employed in urban areas

Step up guidance and service to farmer-workers to work in urban areas and reasonably guide farmer-workers to work in eastern coastal regions and in large and medium-sized cities. Stabilize and increase farmer-workers' working in urban areas during industrialization upgrading by devoting major efforts to developing industrial clusters, extending industrial chains and actively advancing the service sector.

2. Encourage farmer-workers to shift locally

Advance infrastructure construction in rural areas, facilitate the shift of labor-intensive industries to central and western regions, promote structural adjustment and industrial upgrading among township enterprises, support the growth of processing industries of agricultural products, nurture new sectors of growth for rural service industries, vigorously develop leisure agriculture, rural tourism and forest tourism, develop rural real estate and expand space for non-agricultural employment in rural areas to create conditions for rural laborers to shift locally.

3. Aid farmer-workers to start businesses back in their hometowns

Provide preferential measures in terms of credit, tax and land to farmer-workers for them to start businesses back in their hometowns and promote employment through business startup to bring along the shift of rural laborers and to form a sound interaction between boosting work-related migration and starting businesses back in hometowns. Lower business access standards, simplify examination and approval procedures and provide “one-stop-shop” services to make it convenient for farmer-workers to start businesses back in their hometowns. Set up special funds for farmer-workers to start businesses back in their hometowns and use the funds as loan interest subsidy for farmer-workers' business startups and training and as guarantee funds. Bring use of land for business startup back home into the overall plan on land utilization, develop the construction of industrial parks in line with local conditions and guide enterprises of business startup to assembly in small townships. Enterprises of business startup will enjoy preferential policies provided by the state and local governments to support the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, non-public economic service industries, agricultural development, processing industries of agricultural products and hi-tech enterprises and call off business administration fees collected from rural private industrialists and businessmen.

4. Establish and improve public employment service systems benefiting farmer-workers

Strengthen government public employment information services, advance information linkage among public employment service institutions in various provinces, municipalities and regions and between public employment service institutions in inner-province cities, counties and townships, strengthen the construction of infrastructure for social security and employment at grassroots levels, strengthen the construction of government public service information platforms, enhance the government information release system on employment guidance and guide rural laborers' shift for employment and their reasonable mobility. Provide farmer-workers with comprehensive information services, such as employment guidance, skill training, services for business startup, protection guidance and education among the children, through integration of online services and offline services. Improve labor service coordination systems and efforts should be made to enhance the coordination between government employment departments of places transmitting or accepting labor services and to conduct organized employment training and order-based export of labor services. Encourage public employment service agencies to start extensive cooperation with all sectors of the community to jointly set up public employment information service platforms and provide farmer-workers with employment services with the aid of modern communication, call centers and internet technologies. Standardize services offered by job centers and labor dispatch and promote employment among farmer-workers through various channels and in various forms.

5. Facilitate the construction of informatization of employment services toward farmer-workers

Public employment service agencies at all levels should expand the free services from urban unemployed to all farmer-workers. Set up trans-regional employment information exchange platforms to realize the exchange and sharing of public employment service resources, to widen channels for farmer-workers to find jobs in different places and to guide farmer-workers to shift in an orderly way. Set up databases on rural labor resources, extend urban networks toward townships and administrative villages and provide employing units and job-seeking farmer-workers with technical support and information services. Set up the management system of industrial relations and realize the informatization of labor record, labor inspection and management of labor dispute mediation and arbitration to earnestly safeguard farmer-workers' legitimate rights and interests. Actively conduct training courses on application of information technologies to raise the ability of farmer-workers to apply information technologies.

II. Give Priority to Improving Conditions for Farmer-workers' Children to Go to School and for Farmer-workers to Enjoy Medical Care and Participate in Social Insurance and Accelerate the Construction of the Public Service System Benefiting Farmer-workers

1. Conscientiously safeguard the rights of farmer-workers' children to receive compulsory education

Adhere to the principle of relying mainly on public schools of places where farmer-workers stay to provide compulsory education to their children. Local governments at all levels should bring the compulsory education received by farmer-workers' children under the public education system and rationally plan the overall arrangements and development of the schools according to the number, distribution and change of farmer-workers' children. Continually carry out the policy of relying mainly on full-time public middle and primary schools to provide compulsory education to farmer-workers' children on an equal footing. Local governments at all levels should provide educational appropriations in full amount to public schools taking in farmer-workers' children according to average budgetary public funds and actual number of students accepted. Governments should step up efforts to plan educational resources as a whole and adopt effective measures to improve school conditions in regions where a large number of farmer-workers are accepted and educational resources are insufficient and the Central Treasury will reward those provinces providing good compulsory education to children of farmer-workers. Unified training of teachers and management of teaching services will be offered to schools under civilian auspices that have been entrusted by the governments to provide compulsory education to children of migrants, financial subsidies will be added to the public funds of schools according to the number of school students and students of schools under civilian auspices will be exempted from miscellaneous fees according to the standard rates for compulsory education provided by public schools and will enjoy subsidies. Further streamline the procedures for children of farmer-workers to attend school and resolutely correct such discriminatory practices as collection of various sorts of fees including temporary schooling fee and sponsorship from children of farmer-workers, so as to enable the overwhelming majority of farmer-workers' children to attend public schools without a hitch. Encourage and support governments of places where farmer-workers stay to make explorations according to local conditions into the continuous education to be provided to farmer-workers' children after they finish their compulsory education. Further study and resolve the problems existing in entrance examinations for high schools and in college entrance examinations, probe into measures to separate the school roll from the household register and let the children of farmer-workers have the rights to sit for entrance examinations for high schools and colleges in cities other than provincial capitals.

Reform the financial management system of compulsory education, set up the transfer payment and subsidy system for providing compulsory education to children of migrant farmer-workers, gradually increase subsidies provided by the Central Treasury to children of migrants for their education, step up the proportion of the investment from the Central Treasury in compulsory education and consolidate the support to schools accepting children of farmer-workers in places where farmer-workers stay. Enhance the transfer payment system, specify responsibilities of governments at all levels in compulsory education, list the compulsory education funds for migrants including farmer-workers' children as the budgetary education funds of places where migrants stay, appropriate public education funds on an average basis to schools according to the actual number of school students and set up the fund raising and guaranteeing mechanism of compulsory education at root.

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