<tt id="6hsgl"><pre id="6hsgl"><pre id="6hsgl"></pre></pre></tt>
          <nav id="6hsgl"><th id="6hsgl"></th></nav>
          国产免费网站看v片元遮挡,一亚洲一区二区中文字幕,波多野结衣一区二区免费视频,天天色综网,久久综合给合久久狠狠狠,男人的天堂av一二三区,午夜福利看片在线观看,亚洲中文字幕在线无码一区二区
            Home>News Center>World
                   
           

          Study: 100,00 excess civilian Iraqi deaths since war
          (Agencies)
          Updated: 2004-10-29 08:10

          A survey of deaths in Iraqi households estimates that as many as 100,000 more people may have died throughout the country in the 18 months since the U.S.-led invasion than would be expected based on the death rate before the war.


          A man cries for his slain son while next to a charred civilian vehicle which was blown up when insurgents set off a car bomb targeting a U.S. convoy in Baghdad, Iraq Thursday, Oct. 28, 2004. The man, whose son was killed six months ago, mourns regularly at the site of new bombings. [AP]
          There is no official figure for the number of Iraqis killed since the conflict began, but some non-governmental estimates range from 10,000 to 30,000. As of Wednesday, 1,081 U.S. servicemen had been killed, according to the U.S. Defense Department.

          The scientists who wrote the report concede that the data they based their projections on were of "limited precision," because the quality of the information depends on the accuracy of the household interviews used for the study. The interviewers were Iraqi, most of them doctors.

          Designed and conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins University, Columbia University and the Al-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad, the study is being published Thursday on the Web site of The Lancet medical journal.

          The survey indicated violence accounted for most of the extra deaths seen since the invasion, and airstrikes from coalition forces caused most of the violent deaths, the researchers wrote in the British-based journal.

          "Most individuals reportedly killed by coalition forces were women and children," they said.

          The report was released just days before the U.S. presidential election, and the lead researcher said he wanted it that way. The Lancet routinely publishes papers on the Web before they appear in print, particularly if it considers the findings of urgent public health interest.

          Those reports then appear later in the print issue of the journal. The journal's spokesmen said they were uncertain which print issue the Iraqi report would appear in and said it was too late to make Friday's issue, and possibly too late for the Nov. 5 edition.

          Les Roberts, the lead researcher from Johns Hopkins, said the article's timing was up to him.

          "I emailed it in on Sept. 30 under the condition that it came out before the election," Roberts told The Asocciated Press. "My motive in doing that was not to skew the election. My motive was that if this came out during the campaign, both candidates would be forced to pledge to protect civilian lives in Iraq.

          "I was opposed to the war and I still think that the war was a bad idea, but I think that our science has transcended our perspectives," Roberts said. "As an American, I am really, really sorry to be reporting this."

          Richard Peto, an expert on study methods who was not involved with the research, said the approach the scientists took is a reasonable one to investigate the Iraq death toll.

          However, it's possible that they may have zoned in on hotspots that might not be representative of the death toll across Iraq, said Peto, a professor of medical statistics at Oxford University in England.

          Lancet editor Richard Horton wrote in an editorial accompanying the survey that more household clusters would have improved the precision of the report, "but at an enormous and unacceptable risk to the team of interviewers."

          "This remarkable piece of work represents the efforts of a courageous team of scientists," he wrote.

          To conduct the survey, investigators visited 33 neighborhoods spread evenly across the country in September, randomly selecting clusters of 30 households to sample. Of the 988 households visited, 808, consisting of 7,868 people, agreed to participate. Each group At each one they asked how many people lived in the home and how many births and deaths there had been since January 2002.

          The scientists then compared death rates in the 15 months before the invasion with those that occurred during the 18 months after the attack and adjusted those numbers to account for the different time periods.

          Even though the sample size appears small, this type of survey is considered accurate and acceptable by scientists and was used to calculate war deaths in Kosovo in the late 1990s.

          The investigators worked in teams of three. Five of the six Iraqi interviewers were doctors and all six were fluent in English and Arabic.

          In the households reporting deaths, the person who died had to be living there at the time of the death and for more than two months before to be counted. In an attempt at firmer confirmation, the interviewers asked for death certificates in 78 households and were provided them 63 times.

          There were 46 deaths in the surveyed households before the war. After the invasion, there were 142 deaths. That is an increase from 5 deaths per 1,000 people per year to 12.3 per 1,000 people per year — more than double.

          However, more than a third of the post-invasion deaths were reported in one cluster of households in the city Fallujah,

          where fighting has been most intense recently. Because the fighting was so severe there, the numbers from that location may have exaggerated the overall picture.

          When the researchers recalculated the effect of the war without the statistics from Fallujah, the deaths end up at 7.9 per 1,000 people per year — still 1.5 times higher than before the war.

          Even with Fallujah factored out, the survey "indicates that the death toll associated with the invasion and occupation of Iraq is more likely than not about 100,000 people, and may be much higher," the report said.

          The most common causes of death before the invasion of Iraq were heart attacks, strokes and other chronic diseases. However, after the invasion, violence was recorded as the primary cause of death and was mainly attributed to coalition forces — with about 95 percent of those deaths caused by bombs or fire from helicopter gunships.

          Violent deaths — defined as those brought about by the intentional act of others — were reported in 15 of the 33 clusters. The chances of a violent death were 58 times higher after the invasion than before it, the researchers said.

          Twelve of the 73 violent deaths were not attributed to coalition forces. The researchers said 28 children were killed by coalition forces in the survey households. Infant mortality rose from 29 deaths per 1,000 live births before the war to 57 deaths per 1,000 afterward.

          The researchers estimated the nationwide death toll due to the conflict by subtracting the preinvasion death rate from the post-invasion death rate and multiplying that number by the estimated population of Iraq — 24.4 million at the start of the war. Then that number was converted to a total number of deaths by dividing by 1,000 and adjusting for the 18 months since the invasion.

          "We estimate that there were 98,000 extra deaths during the postwar period in the 97 percent of Iraq represented by all the clusters except Fallujah," the researchers said in the journal.

          "This isn't about individual soldiers doing bad things. This appears to be a problem with the approach to occupation in Iraq," Roberts said.

          The researchers called for further confirmation by an independent body such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, or the World Health Organization.

          The study was funded by the Center for International Emergency Disaster and Refugee Studies at Johns Hopkins University and by the Small Arms Survey in Geneva, Switzerland, a research project based at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva.



           
            Today's Top News     Top World News
           

          Two Chinese men to circle space for five days

           

             
           

          Bush, Kerry in tight sprint to finish

           

             
           

          New limits set on car fuel consumption

           

             
           

          US trouser quota against WTO principles

           

             
           

          Poisonous gas gush kills 15 Chinese miners

           

             
           

          US deploys satellite jamming system

           

             
            Hostages in Afghanistan plead for release
             
            Bush, Kerry in tight sprint to finish
             
            Fresh American troops arriving in Iraq
             
            Rocket hits hotel in north Iraq, kills 15
             
            Iran parliament OKs nuke enrichment bill
             
            WHO calls summit to address flu pandemic
             
           
            Go to Another Section  
           
           
            Story Tools  
             
            News Talk  
            Are the Republicans exploiting the memory of 9/11?  
          Advertisement
                   
          主站蜘蛛池模板: 成人精品日韩专区在线观看| 777米奇色狠狠888俺也去乱| 国产精品美女www爽爽爽视频| 国产在线视频导航| 亚洲欧洲日韩久久狠狠爱| 亚洲一区二区偷拍精品| 国精产品一品二品国精破解| 国内精品综合九九久久精品| 久久av色欲av久久蜜桃网| 国产玖玖视频| 蜜桃网址| 亚洲精品成人片在线观看精品字幕 | 亚洲欧美日韩成人一区| 日本女优在线观看一区二区三区 | 一本久久a久久免费精品不卡| 在线国产极品尤物你懂的| a4yy私人毛片| 黄色一级片一区二区三区| 搡老熟女老女人一区二区| 国产成人无码A区在线观看视频| 无码专区一va亚洲v专区在线| 国产福利微视频一区二区| 国产欧美日韩高清在线不卡| 熟妇人妻引诱中文字幕| 免费无码成人AV片在线 | 神马久久亚洲一区 二区| 亚洲精品在线少妇内射| 人妻在线无码一区二区三区| 精品中文字幕一区在线| 一个人免费观看WWW在线视频| 欧美乱妇高清无乱码免费| 精品久久久久久无码专区不卡| 免费无码又爽又刺激高潮虎虎视频| 欧美人与动牲交xxxxbbbb| 一区二区三区激情都市| 亚洲区小说区图片区qvod| 国产精品99中文字幕| 亚洲欧洲无码AV电影在线观看| 日韩精品中文字幕有码| 高清欧美性猛交XXXX黑人猛交| 国产蜜臀在线一区二区三区|