 The world's oceans are slowly getting more acidic, say scientists.
The researchers from California say the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The lowering of the waters' pH value is not great at the moment but could pose a serious threat to current marine life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature. Increasing use of fossil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century. But these researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change. "This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere," said Dr Caldeira. "And we predicted amounts of future acidity that exceed anything we saw over the last several hundred million years, apart from perhaps after rare catastrophic events such as asteroid impacts." If carbon dioxide release continues unabated, ocean pH could be reduced by as much as 0.77 units, the authors warn. It is not absolutely clear what that means for marine life, however. Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean lifeforms may be more sensitive to pH changes. Coral reefs and other organisms whose skeletons or shells contain calcium carbonate may be particularly affected, the team speculate. They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH. In recent years some people have suggested deliberately storing carbon dioxide from power stations in the deep ocean as a way of curbing global warming. But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered. "Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing - because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet; and when CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming. (Agencies) | 科學(xué)家們說(shuō)世界上的海洋正在慢慢變“酸”。 來(lái)自加利福尼亞的研究人員稱這種變化是由于大氣中二氧化碳含量過(guò)高造成的。 他們警告說(shuō)，目前海水pH值下降還不是非常嚴(yán)重，但是如果繼續(xù)下降的話會(huì)對(duì)現(xiàn)存的海洋生物造成嚴(yán)重的威脅。 來(lái)自美國(guó)羅蘭士利弗摩亞國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室的肯·卡爾代羅和邁克爾·維克特在《自然》雜志上提出了他們對(duì)此事的關(guān)注。 越來(lái)越多的石油消耗意味著更多的二氧化碳被排放到空氣中，而且大部分最終將被海水吸收。二氧化碳一旦進(jìn)入水中，就會(huì)發(fā)生反應(yīng)形成碳酸。 科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為海洋的酸性已經(jīng)比上個(gè)世紀(jì)稍微大了一點(diǎn)。 這些研究者們結(jié)合所知的海洋歷史以及氣候變化的電腦模型，試圖預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)的變化。 “如果我們繼續(xù)向大氣中排放二氧化碳的話，將來(lái)的酸性濃度會(huì)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超標(biāo)。”卡爾代羅博士說(shuō)。 “而且我們估計(jì)將來(lái)酸的總量會(huì)比過(guò)去幾億年中人類(lèi)所見(jiàn)到的任何東西都大，更不用說(shuō)可能發(fā)生類(lèi)似小行星撞擊地球等罕見(jiàn)的大災(zāi)難之后了。” 研究者們警告說(shuō)，如果不減少二氧化碳的排放量，海洋的pH值可能會(huì)降低0.77個(gè)單位。 盡管這對(duì)海洋生命來(lái)說(shuō)意味著什么還不是很清楚。 大多數(shù)生物生活在海洋表面，而海洋表面正是pH值預(yù)期變化最大的地方，但是深海生物可能對(duì)pH值的變化更加敏感。 研究組推測(cè)，珊瑚礁和其它骨架或外殼中含有碳酸鈣的生物受到的影響可能會(huì)格外明顯，在pH值較低的水域中它們很難形成這些結(jié)構(gòu)。 最近的幾年中，有人蓄意建議將發(fā)電站釋放的二氧化碳儲(chǔ)藏到深海中，以此來(lái)抑制全球變暖。 但是卡爾代羅博士說(shuō)現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該重新考慮這種策略。 “以前，大多數(shù)專家都將海洋吸收二氧化碳看作一件好事——因?yàn)閷⒍趸坚尫诺酱髿庵袝?huì)使大氣變暖，然而當(dāng)二氧化碳被海洋吸收后，溫室效應(yīng)就會(huì)降低。” （中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)站譯） |
Updated: 2003-09-26 01:00
