Rising bad loans shift banks' focus toward risk

Chinese banks are enhancing their comprehensive risk management and exploring securitization as a way to dispose of nonperforming loans from their balance sheets.

The move follows a rise in bad loans at commercial banks.

Statistics from the China Banking Regulatory Commission show the NPL ratio of commercial banks rose to 1.81 percent as of June 30, up 6 basis points quarter-on-quarter and 31 basis points year-on-year.

Also by the end of June, Chinese financial institutions maintained a relatively high ratio of loan loss coverage at an industry average of 161.3 percent. Their bad debt provisions increased 16.1 percent year-on-year to 3.47 trillion yuan ($519 billion; 473 billion euros).

Yu Xuejun, chairman of the regulatory commission's supervisory board for key state-owned financial institutions, says bank loans overdue for at least 90 days are on the rise, intensifying pressure on risk control, loan loss provisions and profitability of the banking sector.

"Our banking industry is facing the most severe operating pressure since the reform and listing of state-owned banks in 2004," Yu said at the China Banking Development Forum in Beijing in July. "The situation won't improve in the short term, so banks should be prepared for a tough, long-term battle."

He highlighted the importance of comprehensive risk management, and urged banks to remain cautious because any asset-bubble collapse could trigger a series of problems.

Shao Ping, president of Ping An Bank Co Ltd, a mid-sized commercial lender, agrees. He adds: "To withstand the hard times, banks should hold fast to prudential norms and improve risk management, and build a competitive advantage through differentiated financial products."

Banks are taking various measures such as debt restructuring, NPL securitization and debt-to-equity swaps to dispose of bad assets.

To reduce existing credit risks, China this year relaunched a pilot program on NPL securitization that was halted in 2009. Now, 50 billion yuan has been set as the initial quota for six banks to participate in the program.

Bank of China Ltd and China Merchants Bank Co Ltd issued their first NPL-backed securities in May. While the former sold corporate NPL-backed securities worth 301 million yuan, the latter sold credit card NPL-backed securities worth 233 million yuan.

On June 28, China Merchants Bank issued five-year securities worth 470 million yuan that were backed by small and medium-sized companies' NPLs. Of these, the senior group was worth 360 million yuan and the equity group 110 million yuan.

The senior group was subscribed 1.86 times at an interest rate of 3.98 percent, and the equity group was sold at a 2 percent premium.

"When nonperforming loans start to rebound, it's better for banks to deal with NPLs as soon as possible, irrespective of whether we're speaking from the angle of bank valuation or the efficiency of economic resource allocation," Sophie Jiang, head of equity research on Hong Kong and Chinese mainland banks at Nomura Securities, said during a conference call in May.

"Although Chinese banks will see rising NPLs and increasing pressure on their profits, bank valuations may start to rebound, as the efficiency of capital turnover has bottomed out and is expected to rise," she says. "Valuation multiples of fundamentally stable banks will improve, thus leading to a price hike in banking sector stocks."

jiangxueqing@chinadaily.com.cn