US considers approving drug to prevent HIV

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

Studies show that a drug called Truvada can prevent HIV infections. The pill is taken once a day. Studies showed it was 90 percent effective when people took it every day. It was only half as effective when people did not take it every day.

Currently, in the United States, the drug is only approved for use as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Now a government advisory committee says Truvada should become the first drug approved for use to prevent HIV.

The Food and Drug Administration is not required to follow the advice of its Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee, but usually does. The FDA is expected to decide by June 15th.

Mitchell Warren, head of the HIV prevention group AVAC, explains that Truvada is a combination pill.

MITCHELL WARREN: "It's made up of two different antiretrovirals -- tenofovir and emtricitabine. And those two drugs had already been approved by the FDA a number of years ago individually, and then about eight years ago they were approved as the combination drug. But all of those approvals related to the use of the drug for treating people who are already infected with HIV."

The advisory committee held a 12-hour hearing on May 10th to consider the evidence. The committee urged the FDA to approve the drug for use by those who are considered at high risk for getting infected. The committee held two separate votes on recommending Truvada. One vote dealt with gay and bisexual men. The other dealt with heterosexual couples where one person has HIV.

Mr. Warren says Truvada offers hope for a new way to fight HIV.

MITCHELL WARREN: "If you are at risk of HIV, if you perceive yourself to be at risk, if you're able to take this pill every day as part of a combination of activities, including getting frequent HIV testing, you can reduce your risk of infection quite substantially."

The manufacturer of Truvada, Gilead, would have to produce what is known as a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy. This would be a plan to help ensure the safe and effective use of Truvada. The plan would include extensive training for health care providers.

Some doctors say Truvada is a step toward ending the threat from AIDS. But some critics say the drug could give people a false sense of security and make them less likely to use condoms. Critics say it could also take financial resources away from more cost-effective methods of prevention, like using condoms.

Truvada currently sells for about 14,000 dollars a year. The drug would cost much less in developing countries, possibly several hundred dollars a year. But that could still be too high for some countries.

And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. I'm Christopher Cruise.

tenofovir: 泰諾福韋，一種抗逆轉錄病毒藥物

emtricitabine: 恩曲他濱，美國Gilead Sciences公司開發的HIV逆轉錄酶抑制劑，臨床常用于治療艾滋病

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（來源：VOA 編輯：旭燕）