為機器人設置毀滅開關 歐盟或立法將其當人看

近年來人工智能迅速發展，機器人的功能越來越多，甚至在某些方面的表現已經超過人類。這不禁讓人擔心關于人工智能的悲觀預言是否會成為現實。為了避免預言成真，歐洲議會議員發起提案，要求為機器人配備緊急“毀滅開關”，以防止他們制造嚴重傷害。立法者還建議為機器人投保，甚至還要向他們收稅。

Europe is preparing for a robot revolution.
歐洲正策劃一場機器人革命。

European lawmakers have proposed that robots be equipped with emergency "kill switches" to prevent them from causing excessive damage. Legislators have also suggested that robots be insured and even be made to pay taxes.
歐洲立法者建議為機器人配備緊急“毀滅開關”，以防止他們制造嚴重傷害。立法者還建議為機器人投保，甚至還要他們繳納稅款。

The proposal on robot governance was approved by the European Parliament's legal affairs committee on Thursday. The issue will now be considered by the European Commission, which is the bloc's top regulator.
12日，歐洲議會法律事務委員會通過了關于機器人治理的提案。歐盟最高監管機構——歐盟委員會將開始審批這一提案。

"A growing number of areas of our daily lives are increasingly affected by robotics," said Mady Delvaux, the parliamentarian who authored the proposal. "To ensure that robots are and will remain in the service of humans, we urgently need to create a robust European legal framework."
提案撰寫者梅迪?德爾沃議員表示，“機器人在日常生活領域的影響越來越廣。為了確保他們繼續為人類服務，我們迫切需要建立一個健全的歐洲法律框架。”

Here is what lawmakers have proposed:
下面是立法者的提案：

Kill switch
毀滅開關

The proposal calls for a new charter on robotics that would give engineers guidance on how to design ethical and safe machines.
提案呼吁頒布一項新的機器人法案，以指導工程師設計合乎道德和安全標準的機器。

For example, designers should include "kill switches" so that robots can be turned off in emergencies. They must also make sure that robots can be reprogrammed if their software doesn't work as designed.
例如，設計者應該加入“毀滅開關”以便在緊急情況下關閉機器人。他們還必須確保在程序沒有按照設計運行時可以給機器人重新編寫程序。

Remember: It's just a robot
記住：這只是一個機器人

The proposal also says that robots should always be identifiable as mechanical creations. That will help prevent humans from developing emotional attachments.
提案還指出，機器人應該始終被視為機械產物。這有助于防止人類對其產生情感依戀。

The report cites the example of care robots, saying that people who are physically dependent on them could develop emotional attachments.
報告以“機器人護理”為例，指出對機器人有生理依賴的人類會產生情感上的依戀。

也許你認為這樣的擔心是多余的，人類和機器人的愛情只會出現在文學創作里。但是，事實證明這不僅僅是幻想。據外媒近日報道，一名法國女性戀上3D打印機器人并想與之結婚。這位女性表示她從小就喜歡聽機器人的聲音，而且她只愛機器人，討厭和人類發生身體接觸。

Who's responsible for misbehaving robots?
誰來為機器人的不當行為買單？

The proposal calls for a compulsory insurance scheme - similar to car insurance - that would require producers and owners to take out insurance to cover the damage caused by their robots.
提案呼吁實施一項與汽車保險類似的強制保險計劃，要求機器人生產商和所有者投保賠償自己的機器人制造的損害。

Give robots rights?
賦予機器人權利？

The proposal explores whether sophisticated autonomous robots should be given the status of "electronic persons."
提案還探討了是否應該給予全自主精密機器人“電子人”的地位。

This designation would apply in situations where robots make autonomous decisions or interact with humans independently.
這一定義將適用于機器人進行自主決策或與人類獨立互動的情況。

It would also saddle robots with certain rights and obligations - for example, robots would be responsible for any damage they cause.
機器人還將獲得某些權利和義務——例如，機器人將為他們制造的所有傷害負責。

Should robots pay tax?
機器人應該繳稅嗎？

If advanced robots start replacing human workers in large numbers, the report recommends the European Commission force their owners to pay taxes or contribute to social security.
該報告建議，如果先進的機器人開始大量替代人工，那么歐盟委員需迫使其所有者繳納稅款或社保。

EU member states should also consider implementing a universal income to blunt the impact of the job losses.
歐盟成員國也應考慮統一薪資以減少對失業者的影響。

英文來源：CNN
翻譯&編輯：董靜
審校：丹妮