<tt id="6hsgl"><pre id="6hsgl"><pre id="6hsgl"></pre></pre></tt>
          <nav id="6hsgl"><th id="6hsgl"></th></nav>
          国产免费网站看v片元遮挡,一亚洲一区二区中文字幕,波多野结衣一区二区免费视频,天天色综网,久久综合给合久久狠狠狠,男人的天堂av一二三区,午夜福利看片在线观看,亚洲中文字幕在线无码一区二区
          您現(xiàn)在的位置: Language Tips> Audio & Video> Special Speed News  
           





           
          Babies can learn even before they are born
          [ 2007-02-01 10:06 ]

          VOICE ONE:

          This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English. I'm Bob Doughty.

          VOICE TWO:

          And I'm Faith Lapidus. On our program this week, we discuss recent findings about how intelligence develops in babies.

          (MUSIC)

          VOICE ONE:

          Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old.

          Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. The National Institute of Child Health and Development is a federal government agency. Its goal is to indentify which experiences can influence healthy development in human beings.

          Research scientists at the institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other humans.

          VOICE TWO:

          The American researchers say this ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.

          One study shows that babies can learn before they are born. The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant woman. Then, they played a recording of a short story.

          On the day the baby was born, the researchers tested to find out if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while inside his mother. They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby.

          The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, he would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was born. They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again.

          VOICE ONE:

          Many experts say the first years of a child's life are important for all later development. An American study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children.

          The study involved more than one thousand two-hundred mothers and children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. They observed the mothers playing with their children four times during this period.

          VOICE TWO:

          The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children's activities and did not interfere unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old. Also, the researchers observed the women for signs of depression.

          The children of depressed women did not do as well on tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly on tests of language skills and understanding what they hear.

          These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people. The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the general health of their children. Children did better when their mothers were caring, even when the women suffered from depression.

          (MUSIC)

          VOICE ONE:

          Another study suggests that low-birth weight babies with no evidence of disability may be more likely than other children to have physical and mental problems. The study results were published last October in the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.

          American researchers studied nearly five hundred boys and girls. They were born in, or admitted to, one of three hospitals in New Jersey between nineteen eighty-four and nineteen eighty-seven. At birth, each child weighed less than two thousand grams.

          The boys and girls had an average age of sixteen years at the time of the study. They were asked to complete intelligence and motor skill tests in their homes. Their test results were compared with those of other children their age.

          The study found that the young people with low birth weight often had more problems with motor skills than others. A motor skill is a skill that requires a living thing to use its skeletal muscles effectively. Motor problems were more common among males, those with injured nerve tissue in the brain, and those who had been connected to oxygen supplies for days as a baby.

          (MUSIC)

          VOICE TWO:

          The most intensive period of language and speech development is during the first three years of a child's life. This is the time when the brain is developing. Language and communication skills are believed to develop best in an environment that is rich with sounds and sights. Also, the child should repeatedly hear the speech and language of other people.

          America's National Institutes of Health says evidence suggests there are important periods of speech and language development in children. This means the brain is best able to learn a language during this period. Officials say the ability to learn a language will be more difficult if these periods pass without early contact with a language.

          VOICE ONE:

          The first signs of communication happen during the first few days of life when a baby learns that crying will bring food and attention. Research shows that most children recognize the general sounds of their native language by six months of age. At that time, a baby also usually begins to make sounds. These sounds become a kind of nonsense speech over time.

          By the end of the first year, most children are able to say a few simple words. But they may not understand the meaning of their words. By eighteen months of age, most children can say eight to ten words. By two years, most children are able to form simple statements, or sentences. By ages three, four and five, the number of words a child can understand quickly increases. It is at this age that children begin to understand the rules of language.

          (MUSIC)

          VOICE TWO:

          A long-term American study shows the importance of early education for poor children. The study is known as the Abecedarian Project. It involved more than one-hundred young children from poor families in North Carolina.

          Half of the children attended an all-day program at a high-quality childcare center. The center offered educational, health and social programs. Children took part in games and activities to increase their thinking and language skills and social and emotional development. The program also included health foods for the children.

          The children attended the program from when they were a few weeks old until the age of five years. The other group of children did not attend the childcare center. After the age of five, both groups attended public school.

          VOICE ONE:

          Researchers compared the two groups of children. When they were babies, both groups had similar results in tests for mental and physical skills. However, from the age of eighteen months, the children in the educational child care program did much better in tests.

          The researchers tested the children again when they were twelve and fifteen years old. The tests found that the children who had been in the childcare center continued to have higher average test results. These children did much better on tests of reading and mathematics.

          VOICE TWO:

          A few years ago, organizers of the Abecedarian Project tested the students again. At the time, each student was twenty-one years old. They were tested for thinking and educational ability, employment, parenting and social skills.

          The researchers found that the young adults who had the early education still did better in reading and mathematics tests. They were more than two times as likely to be attending college or to have completed college.

          In addition, the children who received early education were older on average, when their first child was born.

          The study offers more evidence that learning during the first months and years of life is important for all later development.

          The researchers of the Abecedarian Project believe their study shows a need for lawmakers to spend money on public early education. They believe these kinds of programs could reduce the number of children who do not complete school and are unemployed.

          (MUSIC)

          VOICE ONE:

          SCIENCE IN THE NEWS was written and produced by Brianna Blake. I'm Bob Doughty.

          VOICE TWO:

          And I'm Faith Lapidus. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.


          點擊進入更多VOA慢速


          (來源:VOA  英語點津姍姍編輯)

           
           
          相關文章 Related Stories
           
                   
           
           
           
           
           
                   

           

           

           
           

          48小時內(nèi)最熱門

               
            Lewis Hamilton 劉易斯?漢密爾頓
            “爽約”怎么說
            下午茶的起源
            全球變暖 海象“搬家”
            安妮斯頓獲封“封面王”

          本頻道最新推薦

               
            女孩的心思誰能猜:Suspended from class
            《說點什么吧》:Say something anyway
            Mountain and cowboy culture meet in Jackson Hole
            Livestock disease spreads in Britain
            Working magic in the garden with beans

          論壇熱貼

               
            “凈臉聯(lián)盟”兩周年——迎國慶特別活動啟動
            how to translate“三局兩勝”
            知青 農(nóng)民工 怎么翻譯
            "魅力城市" 英文怎么說?
            請教:統(tǒng)一口徑的譯法
            Mountain Story 大山的故事






          主站蜘蛛池模板: 人妻少妇精品中文字幕| 午夜成人性爽爽免费视频| 国产免费无遮挡吃奶视频| 国产av第一次处破| 99久久精品久久久久久婷婷| 老子影院午夜久久亚洲| 无码人妻丝袜在线视频| 人妻无码中文字幕| 爱如潮水在线观看视频| 综合午夜福利中文字幕人妻| 日韩欧美国产v一区二区三区 | 99热这里只有精品久久免费| 天堂国产+人+综合+亚洲欧美| 亚洲各类熟女们中文字幕| 西西人体44rt大胆高清张悠雨 | 欧美中文一区| 国产免费一区二区三区在线观看| 99久久免费精品国产色| 日本夜爽爽一区二区三区| 99久久久国产精品消防器材| 欧美视频网站www色| 国产日韩欧美久久久精品图片 | 特黄特色三级在线观看| 亚洲国产精品久久青草无码| 国产chinese男男gaygay网站| 国产午夜精品福利免费不| 视频一区视频二区制服丝袜| 国产精品香蕉在线观看不卡| 老子影院午夜久久亚洲| 国产精品欧美一区二区三区| 熟女精品国产一区二区三区| 国产成人a在线观看视频免费| 国产精品爱久久久久久久| 国产福利在线观看永久视频| 国产一区二区精品高清在线观看 | 国产精品香港三级国产av| 久久精品中文无码资源站| 国产一级片内射在线视频| 九九热免费精品在线视频| av永久免费网站在线观看| 色综合热无码热国产|