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Having a husband creates an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study.
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Having a husband creates an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study. For men, tying the knot saves an hour of weekly chores.
"It's a well-known pattern," said lead researcher Frank Stafford, an economist at University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research. "Men tend to work more outside the home, while women take on more of the household labor."
He points out individual differences among households exist. But in general, marriage means more housework for women and less for men. "And the situation gets worse for women when they have children," Stafford said.
Overall, times are changing in the American home. In 1976, women busied themselves with 26 weekly hours of sweeping-and-dusting work, compared with 17 hours in 2005. Men are pitching in more, more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976 to 13 in 2005.
Stafford analyzed time-diaries and questionnaires from a nationally representative sample of men and women over a 10-year period from 1996 to 2005. The federally-funded study showed that, both the men and the women who got married did more housework than those who stayed single.
"Marriage is no longer a man's path to less housework," he said.
Single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework, about 12 weekly hours, while married women in their 60s and 70s did the most - about 21 hours a week.
Men showed a somewhat different pattern, with older men picking up the broom more often than younger men. Single guys worked the hardest around the house, trumping all age groups of married men.
Having kids boosts house chores even further. With more than three kids, for instance, wives took on more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands' 10 hours.
(Agencies)
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一項最新研究發現，女人有了老公后每周得多做七個小時的家務活，而對于男人而言，結婚則意味著每周少做一小時的家務。
密歇根大學社會研究所的經濟學家、首席研究員弗蘭克?斯坦弗德說：“‘男主外，女主內。’這是一個眾所周知的家庭分工模式。”
斯坦福德指出，盡管各個家庭間會存在個體差別，但總的來說，女性婚后承擔的家務活增多，而對于男性而言則是減少。“有了孩子后，女性的家務活負擔會進一步加重。”
不過隨著時代的發展，美國家庭的家務活分工情況總的來說還是有所變化。1976年，女性每周花在家務活上的時間為26個小時，而2005年為17個小時；如今男性做家務的時間比過去增加了一倍多，從1976年的每周六個小時增加到了2005年的每周13個小時。
斯坦福德對一組具有全國代表性的男性和女性十年的時間使用日記和調查問卷進行了分析，這些數據資料的時間跨度為1996年至2005年。該項由聯邦政府提供資金支持的研究發現，與單身人士相比，已婚男女做的家務活更多。
斯坦福德說：“由此看來，對于男性而言，結婚不再意味著少做家務。”
研究發現，二三十歲的單身女性做的家務活最少，每周做家務的時間約為12個小時，六七十歲的已婚女性做的家務活最多，每周約為21個小時。
而男性的模式則有所不同，年齡較大的男性比年輕男性做的家務活多。單身男性最勤快，他們做家務的時間超過了各個年齡段的已婚男性。
而有了孩子后，家務活負擔會進一步加重。妻子承擔了更多增加的家務，如果孩子數量超過三個，她們每周做家務的時間會增加到28個小時，而丈夫僅為10個小時。
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（英語點津姍姍編輯）
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