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美宇航局和谷歌擬聯(lián)手監(jiān)測碳排放
NASA, Google may launch emissions tracking program

[ 2009-12-21 09:45]

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In this publicly distributed handout image provided by NASA an artist's conception of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory satellite that splashed into the ocean near Antarctica in February 2009 is shown. Even if nations agree to cut greenhouse gas emissions, how will the world know if they are living up to their pledges? The answer may come from both outer space and cyberspace.(Agencies)

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NASA, the American agency which landed men on the moon, and Google, the go-to company of the early 21st Century, are trying to give the world the ability to monitor both the carbon dioxide pollution and the levels of forest destruction that contribute to global warming.

NASA plans to launch a satellite which could help monitor deforestation and carbon emissions. For its part, Google has rolled out a new program call Earth Engine which essentially is a massive storehouse for satellite and other data that forest countries will be able to access for free by the time of the next UN climate conference in Mexico next year.

"Just having the thing flying around there imaging would just about make everybody act differently," said professor Steve Pacala, director of the Princeton Environmental Institute. "The idea that you could pull a fast one would be different."

Deforestation is the biggest cause of climate change in much of the developing world, and industrial countries plan to pay billions of dollars to poor countries to stop deforestation. The Google system could help many keep track of what forests are saved.

"The science is out there, but the ability to run it on large numbers of machines by countries in previous years who couldn't afford it is now possible," said Brian McClen, vice president of engineering for the Google Geo Group, who demonstrated the new program in Copenhagen.

The relaunch of the NASA satellite is awaiting White House approval and is going through the budget process for next year.

"I'm optimistic," White House science adviser John Holdren told reporters at climate talks Wednesday.

Until another satellite actually gets into the air, the way the world knows about carbon dioxide involves a lot of guesswork, math and monitoring machines and a good amount of trust.

Experts' estimates of carbon dioxide emissions are based on fuel going into power plants and complex formulas that calculate power plant efficiency. But those estimates are also dependent on reliable information about fuel and efficiency, so they could be skewed by inaccurate input.

(Read by Dan.Chinoy. Dan.Chinoy is a multimedia journalist at the China Daily Web site.)

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(Agencies)

實現(xiàn)人類登月的美國宇航局和本世紀初出現(xiàn)的搜索引擎巨頭谷歌公司將聯(lián)手出擊，使整個世界有能力監(jiān)測影響全球變暖的二氧化碳排放和森林毀壞程度。

美國宇航局計劃發(fā)射一顆可幫助監(jiān)測森林砍伐和碳排放的衛(wèi)星。谷歌則推出了一個名為“地球引擎”的新項目，該引擎實質(zhì)上是一個儲存衛(wèi)星和其他數(shù)據(jù)的巨大資料庫，在明年聯(lián)合國氣候大會在墨西哥召開前，森林國家就可免費使用這一數(shù)據(jù)庫。

普林斯頓環(huán)境研究院院長史蒂夫?帕卡拉教授說：“只需讓衛(wèi)星在那飛行拍攝照片就足以讓人們改變行為方式。你不會再有那些蒙混過關的想法。”

森林砍伐是多數(shù)發(fā)展中國家氣候變化的最大誘因，發(fā)達國家計劃為貧窮國家提供數(shù)十億美元的資助以阻止森林砍伐。谷歌最新開發(fā)的這一系統(tǒng)可以幫助很多國家追蹤哪些森林被挽救。

“谷歌地理工作組”工程部副主任布萊恩?麥克蘭說：“這項科技已經(jīng)具備了，前些年各國無法提供數(shù)量龐大的設備來進行監(jiān)測，如今這一科技成為可能。”麥克蘭在哥本哈根展示了這一新項目。

目前，美國宇航局的衛(wèi)星再發(fā)射項目正在等待白宮批準，并將進入明年的預算審核程序。

上周三，白宮科學顧問約翰?霍爾德倫在氣候會談上接受記者采訪時說：“我很樂觀。”

目前世界對二氧化碳的了解方式包括很多猜測、數(shù)學計算、監(jiān)測儀器和相當程度的“信賴”，下一顆人造衛(wèi)星升空后監(jiān)測方式有望得到改善。

專家對二氧化碳排放量的估算主要依據(jù)進入電力廠的燃料以及計算電力廠能效的各種復雜公式。但這些估算同時也要依賴于有關燃料和能效的可靠信息，這樣如果出現(xiàn)輸入錯誤，結(jié)果就會出問題。

相關閱讀

（中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津陳丹妮編輯蔡姍姍）

Vocabulary:

go-to company: the best company to turn to for a specific reason or purpose

deforestation: the cutting down and removal of all or most of the trees in a forested area 森林砍伐

roll out: to launch (sth.) in a series of stages over an area 展開

pull a fast one on..:deceive somebody（搗鬼；欺騙；例如：You can't count on nathalie. She'll pull a fast one on you. 你不能指望娜塔莉，她會搗鬼的。）

skew: distort 歪曲（His conception of human nature is skewed. 他對人性的看法帶有偏見。）

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