What's the true meaning of education

Less homework means more time to play for children. In reality, however, the equation is not that simple, at least not for Chinese children who spend their summer holidays running from private tuition classes and summer camps to training centers for special disciplines even if they are free of "official" homework.

Chinese education authorities have been trying to lessen the burden on young students. This year, primary and middle schools in Beijing and many other cities have followed local education authorities' instructions to reduce the workload of children during the summer holiday by assigning them little or no homework and banning additional training classes run by public school teachers. And the little homework that students were given was innovative in nature.

The zhongkao (senior high school entrance examination) and gaokao (national college entrance examination) put Chinese students under tremendous pressure from a young age, from the primary school level, to be precise. According to a study led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College London, one in every three Chinese primary school child suffers from psychological stress because of the rigid exam-oriented education system.

As a result of such stress, children suffer from a host of ailments like headaches and stomach pains. Unfortunately, high levels of stress and psychosomatic diseases have forced some teenagers to even commit or attempt suicide.

The public has been urging the education authorities to take measures to reduce the workload of young students, and governments at all levels have adopted some measures to do so. But without reforming the score-fixated zhongkao and gaokao, the authorities cannot truly reduce the stress of students.

Less homework from school has, to a certain extent, made parents force their children to focus more on off-school tutoring and training to enable them to excel in the fierce competition to squeeze into elite schools. "Even if there are fewer tests and no rankings in school, every student knows where he/she is in the class", says a public primary schoolteacher, surnamed Lin from Beijing. "The total number of students in schools is getting smaller, but so is the quota for key middle schools."

Some parents do not seem to borrow schools' practice of reducing students' burden, because they believe it does not address the core problem with the education system and could intensify competition and widen the education gap between the rich and the poor. In fact, less homework may be good news for China's emerging single-child middle-class parents, who are capable of going to any length to ensure their wards get the best possible education, helped by private tuitions to excel in exams.

Lower-income families, however, don't have the financial resources to pay for additional courses. Still, some choose to send their children to inexpensive training and/or tutoring programs, because clearing zhongkao and gaokao may be the only way to improve their future.

Apart from the exam-based admissions and the fierce competition for enrolling in key schools because of unbalanced education resources, pushy parents with a utilitarian attitude toward education are also to blame for the increasing stress on children.

Traditionally, Chinese parents have had high expectations of their children. As a result, they tend to have a greater say than their children in everything, especially their education, while children are expected to have filial obedience and respect for authority.

A recent survey of China Youth and Children Research Center shows that 83.6 percent of parents require their middle-school children to be among the top 15 in their class, and 54.7 percent expect their children to earn a doctor's degree.

Chinese families have always believed that education opens the door to a successful career and life. No wonder, most Chinese parents move heaven and earth to get their children good education, and the process starts from kindergartens.

A teacher from a public junior high school in Shenyang, Liaoning province, says that almost 90 percent of the students in her class attend off-campus training classes during summer holidays. Most of "those who don't receive additional tutoring intend to shun senior high school and end up in vocational or technical schools".

The tragedy is that a majority of urban Chinese parents think attending vocational schools would compromise their children's standing in society and impair their chances of success in life. And no parent would want to risk his/her child's future by not getting it the best possible academic education.

It's time parents - and for that matter the entire society - understood the true meaning of education. Fortunately, changing concepts in these times of social transition is prompting some young parents to explore new ways of raising children by paying greater attention to their personality and character building.

Also, the percentage of students bypassing zhongkao and gaokao has increased in recent years because an increasing number of parents are sending their children abroad for higher studies or to international schools from a young age.

Still, the government's attitude toward education will determine whether a majority of children will be relieved of the heavy burden of studies. And much will depend on how seriously the government implements reforms in the education sector and how balanced its resource distribution is.

The author is a writer with China Daily.

E-mail: dongfangyu@chinadaily.com.cn.

(China Daily 08/23/2013 page9)