Bush was to readily acknowledge making mistakes in previous efforts to stop the relentless violence in Baghdad. "There were not enough Iraqi and American troops to secure neighborhoods that had been cleared of terrorists and insurgents," the president was to say. "And there were too many restrictions on the troops we did have."

He was to say Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki had promised that US forces would have a free hand and that "political or sectarian interference will not be tolerated."

Bush's approach amounts to a huge gamble on al-Maliki's willingness - and ability - to deliver on promises he has consistently failed to keep: to disband Shiite militias, pursue national reconciliation and make good on commitments for Iraqi forces to handle security operations in Baghdad.

Bush was to describe his plan - combining efforts to spur the Iraqi economy, fix broken services and clean up scarred neighborhoods - as a blueprint to "change America's course in Iraq and help us succeed in the fight against terror." From a military standpoint, it did not represent a major shift. Even as more US troops go in, Bush was to say the burden would be on Iraqis to tame the violence.

"Only the Iraqis can end the sectarian violence and secure their people," Bush's prepared remarks said. "And their government has put forward an aggressive plan to do it."

In a now-familiar refrain, Bush was to portray the war in Iraq as "the decisive ideological struggle of our time."

"In the long run," he was to say, "the most realistic way to protect the American people is to provide a hopeful alternative to the hateful ideology of the enemy by advancing liberty across a troubled region."

The buildup comes two months after elections that were widely seen as a call for the withdrawal of some or all US forces from Iraq. Polling by AP-Ipsos in December found that only 27 percent of Americans approved of Bush's handling of Iraq, his lowest rating yet.

Bush's blueprint would boost the number of US troops in Iraq - now at 132,000 - to 153,500 at a cost of US$5.6 billion. The highest number was 160,000 a year ago in a troop buildup for Iraqi elections.

The latest increase calls for sending 17,500 US combat troops to Baghdad. The first of five brigades will arrive by next Monday. The next would arrive by Feb. 15 and the reminder would come in 30-day increments.

Bush also committed 4,000 more Marines to Anbar Province, a base of the Sunni insurgency and foreign al-Qaida fighters.

The bulk of the US buildup will come from extending the deployments of three Army brigades and two Marine battalions and moving one Army brigade into Iraq a bit sooner than scheduled.

As a result of the heavier use of the active duty troops under the Bush plan, officials said the Pentagon may have to change current policies in order to give the military greater access to the National Guard and Reserves.

Al-Maliki has pledged three additional brigades, 10,000 to 12,000 troops, for security operations in Baghdad.

Bush's plan mirrored earlier moves attempting to give Iraqi forces a bigger security role. The chief difference appeared to be a recognition that the Iraqis need more time to take on the full security burden.

Another difference involves doubling the number of US civilian workers who help coordinate local reconstruction projects. These State Department-led units - dubbed Provincial Reconstruction Teams - are to focus on projects both inside and outside the heavily guarded Green Zone, and some will be merged into combat brigades.

Several Republican senators are candidates for backing the resolution against a troop increase. Sens. Susan Collins and Olympia Snowe of Maine, Gordon Smith of Oregon and Norm Coleman of Minnesota said they oppose sending more soldiers.

Republican Sens. George Voinovich of Ohio and John Warner of Virginia also might be persuaded. Warner said he supports the Iraq Study Group recommendations, which strongly cautioned against an increase in troops unless advocated by military commanders.

Warner said he has questions about the merits of sending more troops when Gen. John Abizaid, the top military commander in the Middle East, testified last fall that additional troops were not the answer. Other senior generals also have expressed doubts. The White House said Abizaid and other senior commanders support Bush's plan.

Also backing the president's plan were maverick Sens. John McCain, R-Ariz., Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., and Joseph Lieberman, I-Conn.

Bush's strategy ignores key recommendations of the Iraq Study Group, which in December called for a new diplomatic offensive and an outreach to Syria and Iran.

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