Digging up the Buddhist past

Zheng says that before restoration, the main problems were that the two towers were unstable and were at risk of collapse. Moreover, problems of drainage had led to erosion, further threatening the structures.

They worked to consolidate the remaining parts, and improved the drainage system. But Zheng points out that these efforts will only prolong their life, not save them, since they are in the open air and exposed to rain and wind.

According to Chen Xingcan, head of the Institute of Archaeology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, since the temple complex was built gradually over a long period, it improves understanding of how Buddhist temples developed in Kashgar, and of China's communication with Central Asia in the past.

"It reflects the pluralistic, integrated pattern and inclusiveness of Chinese civilization," Xiao says.

In recent years, Buddhist archaeology in Xinjiang has undergone remarkable progress, but this site is unique, according to Xiao.

"The site was established early and lasted for centuries before being finally abandoned. Systematically excavating such a temple complex is rare in our archaeological work in Xinjiang," he says.