<tt id="6hsgl"><pre id="6hsgl"><pre id="6hsgl"></pre></pre></tt>
          <nav id="6hsgl"><th id="6hsgl"></th></nav>
          国产免费网站看v片元遮挡,一亚洲一区二区中文字幕,波多野结衣一区二区免费视频,天天色综网,久久综合给合久久狠狠狠,男人的天堂av一二三区,午夜福利看片在线观看,亚洲中文字幕在线无码一区二区

          Sept 11 shapes rise of emerging nations

          Updated: 2011-09-13 11:03

          By Peter Apps (China Daily)

            Comments() Print Mail Large Medium  Small 分享按鈕 0

          Sept 11 shapes rise of emerging nations

          Preparations being made for a gathering of leaders from Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) in Sanya, Hainan province, earlier this year.[Photo / Bloomberg]

          Developing economies gain ground, change world picture

          LONDON - As his global teleconference broke up in disarray on Sept 11, 2001, a top economist at a US investment bank began to ponder what the attacks on the United States might tell him about the future shape of the world. His conclusions had little to do with al-Qaida.

          Jim O'Neill of Goldman Sachs Group Inc had been at a meeting in the World Trade Center only two days before, and flew home to London just hours before airliners slammed into New York's twin towers. About to become the head of the bank's global economics team, he was looking for a "big idea" to put a stamp on his leadership.

          Soon, he had it: The decade after Sept 11 would be defined not by the world's sole superpower or the war on terror but by the rise of the four biggest emerging market economies - China, Russia, India and Brazil. O'Neill nicknamed them the "BRIC" nations after the first letter of their names.

          "I'll never forget that day," O'Neill told Reuters. "It was right at the core of how I came up the whole thing ... Something clicked in my head that the lasting consequence of 9/11 had to be the end of American dominance of globalization ... that seems to be exactly what happened."

          O'Neill, who now heads Goldman Sachs' global asset management business, coined the BRIC phrase in a pamphlet published in November 2001. The numbers from the past decade suggest the trend he identified will resonate more in world history than the strikes and their aftermath.

          When O'Neill dreamed up the BRIC acronym, the four big emerging powers made up 8 percent of the world economy. The top five world economies were, in order, the United States, Japan, Germany, Britain and France.

          Ten years later, the BRICs have grown faster than even O'Neill expected, constituting nearly 20 percent of the global economy. China is the world's second-largest economic power, while Britain - the closest ally of the US in the decade-long war on terror - has dropped out of the top five, overtaken by Brazil. India and Russia are not far behind.

          Within days of the attacks on New York and Washington, the US launched a costly and attention-sapping global "war on terror" and was plotting retaliation against not just al-Qaida but also other members of what it saw as a wider "axis of evil", including Saddam Hussein's Iraq.

          At first sight, the US and its allies appear to have won their war. The al-Qaida network is badly damaged, Osama bin Laden and other key leaders are dead and the group has not pulled off a major terror strike in the West for years.

          What is less obvious is the cost of that apparent victory, both financially and diplomatically.

          "For most of the first decade of the century, as the world economy gradually shifted its center of gravity toward Asia, the United States was preoccupied with a mistaken war of choice in the Middle East," said Joseph Nye, a former US undersecretary of state and defense as well as former chair of the National Intelligence Council and now a Harvard professor of international relations.

          US actions, he said, critically undermined its "soft power" in diplomacy, values and culture, while diverting and ultimately weakening its military and economic "hard power".

          The day before the attacks, the US national debt stood at a sliver under $5.8 trillion. A decade later, it has skyrocketed to $14.7 trillion.

          Unfunded tax cuts, a post-financial crisis stimulus and other increased domestic spending account for much of that. But the US' post-9/11 conflicts added heavily to the burden.

          One recent estimate from Brown University put the cost of the US wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan at up to $4.4 trillion - nearly a third of the total.

          Wolfgang Ischinger, a former German deputy foreign minister appointed as ambassador to the US in 2001, said Sept 11 "burst the bubble" of any illusion that one superpower could rule the world.

          "But in terms of importance for the global power situation, for global governance, I think the rise of the BRICS will have the more enduring effect."

          South Africa joined the emerging economy bloc last year to make the group known as BRICS.

          Ian Bremmer, president of political risk consultancy Eurasia Group, said the world has already moved on from Sept 11.

          "In hindsight, 2008 was the seminal moment," Bremmer told Reuters. "Not only did we have the financial crisis, we also had the Beijing Olympics. Before that, China was seen simply as an emerging market - a backwater. Suddenly we saw them coming into their own."

          China's financial and economic weight is growing. It now holds $1.2 trillion of US government debt, making China by far the biggest foreign investor in those securities.

          When a government debt crisis hit Europe this year as buyers shunned the most indebted countries, leaders turned to China for help by buying up eurozone securities - a scenario unimaginable in the 20th century.

          主站蜘蛛池模板: 中文字幕亚洲综合久久菠萝蜜| 熟妇女人妻丰满少妇中文字幕| 中文字幕日韩有码一区| 少妇撒尿一区二区在线视频 | 日本视频高清一道一区| 亚洲岛国av一区二区| 亚洲精品一区久久久久一品av| 国产精品午夜福利在线观看| 国产香蕉一区二区三区在线视频| 黄色福利在线| 亚洲精品日本一区二区| 国产精品国产三级国产试看 | 99热这里只有精品5| 少妇人妻偷人精品一区二| 最新亚洲人成网站在线观看| 98日韩精品人妻一二区| 好吊妞| 少妇高潮尖叫黑人激情在线| 97免费在线观看视频| 人人爽人人爽人人片a免费| 一卡2卡三卡4卡免费网站| 视频在线只有精品日韩| 国产一区二区一卡二卡| 99国产超薄丝袜足j在线播放| 蜜臀av一区二区三区不卡| 毛多水多高潮高清视频| 国产一区二区三区九精品| 精品国产午夜福利在线观看| 哦┅┅快┅┅用力啊┅┅在线观看| 亚洲国产一区二区三区四| 亚洲av无码久久精品色欲| 中文字幕日韩有码第一页| 午夜短视频日韩免费| 日本久久一区二区免高清| 国产精品综合一区二区三区| 精品熟女少妇免费久久| 狠狠色狠狠色综合久久蜜芽| 69天堂人成无码麻豆免费视频| 国产高清在线不卡一区| 亚洲国产精品综合久久网各| 99久久国产综合精品色|