毛毛蟲能吃塑料袋 或成解決塑料污染關(guān)鍵

塑料通常很難分解，塑料垃圾聚積已成為日益嚴(yán)峻的污染難題。不過，一項(xiàng)最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種毛蟲可以吃掉塑料袋，這為治理塑料污染提供了方向。科學(xué)家們表示，蠟螟能生物降解最難分解和最常使用的塑料：聚乙烯，他們正在加緊研究蠟螟自然降解塑料背后的化學(xué)原理，從而解決塑料污染問題。

A caterpillar that munches on plastic bags could hold the key to tackling plastic pollution, scientists say.
科學(xué)家們稱，一種吃塑料袋的毛蟲或可成為解決塑料污染的關(guān)鍵。

Researchers at Cambridge University have discovered that the larvae of the moth, which eats wax in bee hives, can also degrade plastic.
劍橋大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種飛蛾幼蟲不僅吃蜂巢中的蜂蠟，還能降解塑料。

Experiments show the insect can break down the chemical bonds of plastic in a similar way to digesting beeswax.
實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，這種毛蟲可以分解塑料的化學(xué)鍵，與其消化蜂蠟的方式類似。

Each year, about 80 million tonnes of the plastic polyethylene are produced around the world.
每年，全球約生產(chǎn)8000萬噸塑料聚乙烯。

The plastic is used to make shopping bags and food packaging, among other things, but it can take hundreds of years to decompose completely.
塑料聚乙烯可用作購物袋、食品以及其他物品的包裝，但這種塑料需要數(shù)百年才能被徹底降解。

However, caterpillars of the moth (Galleria mellonella) can make holes in a plastic bag in under an hour.
然而，蠟螟一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)就可在塑料袋上弄出一個(gè)洞。

Dr Paolo Bombelli is a biochemist at the University of Cambridge and one of the researchers on the study.
劍橋大學(xué)生物化學(xué)家保羅?邦貝利博士是參與該研究的研究員之一。

"The caterpillar will be the starting point," he told BBC News.
他告訴BBC：“蠟螟將成為一個(gè)突破口。”

"We need to understand the details under which this process operates.
“我們需要了解這一過程背后的運(yùn)作細(xì)節(jié)。”

"We hope to provide the technical solution for minimising the problem of plastic waste."
“我們希望為最大限度減少塑料污染提供技術(shù)解決方案。”

Dr Bombelli and colleague Federica Bertocchini of the Spanish National Research Council have patented the discovery.
邦貝利和他的同事——西班牙國家研究委員會(huì)的費(fèi)德里卡?貝爾托基尼已經(jīng)給這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)申請(qǐng)了專利。

They want to speed up the process of discovering the chemical secrets behind the natural degradation of plastic.
他們希望加緊找出蠟螟自然降解塑料背后的化學(xué)原理。

They think microbes in the caterpillar - as well as the insect itself - might play a role in breaking down plastic.
他們認(rèn)為，蠟螟自身及其體內(nèi)的微生物可能在分解塑料方面發(fā)揮了作用。

If the chemical process can be identified, it could lead to a solution to managing plastic waste in the environment.
如果能夠確認(rèn)這個(gè)化學(xué)過程，就可能會(huì)找到解決塑料垃圾污染的辦法。

"We are planning to implement this finding into a viable way to get rid of plastic waste, working towards a solution to save our oceans, rivers, and all the environment from the unavoidable consequences of plastic accumulation," said Dr Bertocchini.
貝爾托基尼說：“我們正計(jì)劃將這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為消除塑料污染的可行辦法，努力尋找方案，拯救海洋、河流以及整個(gè)環(huán)境，使它們免于承受塑料聚積產(chǎn)生的無法避免的影響。”

"However, we should not feel justified to dump polyethylene deliberately in our environment just because we now know how to bio-degrade it."
“但是，我們不應(yīng)該因?yàn)橹廊绾紊锝到饩垡蚁驼J(rèn)為故意向自然中丟棄聚乙烯是正當(dāng)?shù)摹！?/p>

The research is published in the journal, Current Biology.
這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》雜志上。

英文來源：BBC
翻譯&編輯：董靜
審校：yaning